关于linux下通过shell命令(自动)修改用户密码

关于linux下通过shell命令(自动)修改用户密码

2012-04-23 18:47:39

 

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原文地址:关于linux下(自动)修改用户密码 作者:ubuntuer

 

本文章总结了如何手动、自动修改本地用户密码及远程机器的用户密码。对做自动化测试提供了自动修改用户密码的原理及方法。

修改本地用户密码:
1、交互配置本地用户:
以root用户:
passwd <username>
Changing password for user dewang.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
以非root用户修改自己的密码(注后面不能跟用户名,只有root用户才允许):
passwd
Changing password for user dewang.
Changing password for dewang
(current) UNIX password:
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2、非交互配置本地用户:
echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username>


echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd


将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中,然后执行
chpasswd < passwd.tmp

3、自动脚本处理:
根据passwd命令修改用户密码,格式为:xxx.sh <username> <passwd>
#!/bin/sh
# \
exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}
if { $argc != 2 } {
    puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>"
    exit 1
}
set password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]
sleep 1
expect "assword:"
send "$password\r"
expect "assword:"
send "$password\r"
expect eof

说明:如果要通过shell直接调用expect相关命令,则开头中必须是如下格式,然后后面即可按照expect、TCL格式书写了。
#!/bin/sh
# \
exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}

根据echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username> 及 echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd来修改用户密码:
#!/bin/sh

if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then
    echo "Usage: `basename $0` <username> <passwd>"
    exit 1
fi

#echo "$2" | passwd --stdin "$1"
echo "$1:$2" | chpasswd
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
    echo "change password for $1 success"
else
    echo "change password for $1 failed"
fi


修改远程主机上用户密码:
1、交互配置远程用户:
echo <newpasswd> | ssh -l root <host> passwd --stdin <username>

如:
echo "newpass" | ssh -l root 10.11.103.151 passwd --stdin dewang
[email protected]‘s password:
Changing password for user dewang.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.


echo <username>:<passwd> | ssh -l root <host> chpasswd 2>&1


将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中,然后执行
chpasswd < passwd.tmp [作者未测试]

ssh -l root <host>
.... 交互输入root密码
然后执行以上的所有可用方式均可

2、非交互配置远程用户:
则需要用到expect来进行处理,通过ssh登录到远程机器,然后结合上述配置方式,以完成自动修改用户密码。
#!/usr/bin/expect
#@brief to change user password by ssh remote machine

proc usage {funcname} {
    puts "Usage: "
    puts "    $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -user <userpasswd>"
    puts "    $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -root <rootpasswd>"
}   

# check param
if { $argc != 5 } {
    usage $argv0
    exit 1
}

# get param
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set username [lindex $argv 1]
set newpasswd [lindex $argv 2]
set loginname "root"
if { [string compare [lindex $argv 3] "-user"] == 0 } {
    set loginname $username
}
set passwd [lindex $argv 4]
puts "$host $username $newpasswd $loginname $passwd"

spawn ssh -l $loginname $host
expect {
"*(yes/no)*" { send "yes\r"; set sshkey 1 }
"*assword:*" { send "$passwd\r"; set sshkey 0 }
if sshkey == 1 {
    expect "*password:*"
    send "$passwd\r"
}
}
expect "*#"

if { [string compare $loginname "root"] == 0 } {
    #send "echo \"$username:$newpasswd\" | chpasswd\r"
    send "echo \"$newpasswd\" | passwd --stdin \"$username\"\r"
} else {
    send "passwd\r"
    expect {
    "*current*assword:" {send "$passwd\r"}
    "passwd: Authentication token manipulation error" {exit}
    }
    expect "New*assword:"
    send "$newpasswd\r"
    expect "Retype*assword:"
    send "$newpasswd\r"
}
expect "*#"
send "exit\r"
#interact 是否将交互权接过来,如果接过来,则用户这时可进行交互

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