linux设备驱动程序之简单字符设备驱动

struct cdev
{
  struct kobject kobj;//内嵌的kobject对象
  struct module *owner;//所属模块
  struct file_operations *ops;//文件操作结构体
  struct list_head list;
  dev_t dev;//设备号,长度为32位，其中高12为主设备号，低20位为此设备号
  unsigned int count;
};

unsigned long copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n); 
unsigned long copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n); 
put_user(local,user); 
get_user(local,user);

static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev; 

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct mem_dev *dev;
    
    /*获取次设备号*/
    int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

    if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS) 
            return -ENODEV;
    dev = &mem_devp[num];
    
    /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
    filp->private_data = dev;
    
    return 0; 
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
  return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;        /*记录文件指针偏移位置*/  
  unsigned int count = size;    /*记录需要读取的字节数*/ 
  int ret = 0;    /*返回值*/  
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*判断读位置是否有效*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)    /*要读取的偏移大于设备的内存空间*/  
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)     /*要读取的字节大于设备的内存空间*/ 
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*读数据到用户空间:内核空间->用户空间交换数据*/  
  if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
  {
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  }
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
  
  /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)    /*要写入的字节大于设备的内存空间*/
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
    
  /*从用户空间写入数据*/
  if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;      /*增加偏移位置*/  
    ret = count;      /*返回实际的写入字节数*/ 
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{ 
    loff_t newpos;      

    switch(whence) {
      case 0: /* SEEK_SET */       /*相对文件开始位置偏移*/ 
        newpos = offset;           /*更新文件指针位置*/
        break;

      case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
        newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;    
        break;

      case 2: /* SEEK_END */
        newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
        break;

      default: /* can‘t happen */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
        return -EINVAL;
        
    filp->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .llseek = mem_llseek,
  .read = mem_read,
  .write = mem_write,
  .open = mem_open,
  .release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
  int result;
  int i;

  dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);

   /* 申请设备号，当xxx_major不为0时，表示静态指定；当为0时，表示动态申请*/ 
  /* 静态申请设备号*/
  if (mem_major)
    result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
  else  /* 动态分配设备号 */
  {
    result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno);    /*获得申请的主设备号*/
  }  
  
  if (result < 0)
    return result;

 /*初始化cdev结构，并传递file_operations结构指针*/ 
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);    
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;    /*指定所属模块*/
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;
  
  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);
   
  /* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
  mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  if (!mem_devp)    /*申请失败*/
  {
    result =  - ENOMEM;
    goto fail_malloc;
  }
  memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));
  
  /*为设备分配内存*/
  for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++) 
  {
        mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
        mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
  }
    
  return 0;

  fail_malloc: 
  unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
  
  return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
  cdev_del(&cdev);   /*注销设备*/
  kfree(mem_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/
  unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    FILE *fp0 = NULL;
    char Buf[4096];
    
    /*初始化Buf*/
    strcpy(Buf,"Mem is char dev!");
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
    
    /*打开设备文件*/
    fp0 = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+");
    if (fp0 == NULL)
    {
        printf("Open Memdev0 Error!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    
    /*写入设备*/
    fwrite(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);
    
    /*重新定位文件位置（思考没有该指令，会有何后果)*/
    fseek(fp0,0,SEEK_SET);
    
    /*清除Buf*/
    strcpy(Buf,"Buf is NULL!");
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
    
    
    /*读出设备*/
    fread(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);
    
    /*检测结果*/
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
    
    return 0;    

}