高级功能:很有用的javascript自定义事件
之前写了篇文章《原生javascript实现类似jquery on方法的行为监听》比较浅显,能够简单的使用场景。
这里的自定义事件指的是区别javascript默认的与DOM交互的事件,比如click,mouseover,change等,有时候我们需要监听某一行为是否发生,很显然默认的行为不够用,比如一个场景。我们写好了tab切换,点击后请求加载隐藏标签的内容。
tab切换是非常常用的一个功能,通常会写成组件,如果每次把请求写在组件里肯定对组件拓展和耦合性有影响。这时候我们可以在组件里自定义一个事件广播,在其他地方监听这个广播再执行请求就可以避免了。
以上只是使用场景,下面是具体实现:
1、简易代码,基础功能:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>自定义事件</title> </head> <body> <button id="demo">点我吧</button> <script type="text/javascript"> function Observer(){ this._events={}; } Observer.prototype={ on:function(eName,fn,scope){ eName=eName.toLowerCase(); this._events[eName]=[]; this._events[eName].push({fn:fn||null,scope:scope||null}); }, fireEvent:function(){ var args=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);//将参数转为数组 var eName=args.shift().toLowerCase(); var list=this._events[eName]; for(var i=0;i<list.length;i++){ var dict=list[i]; var fn=dict.fn; var scope=dict.scope; fn.apply(scope||null,args);//注册事件执行 } } } var listener=new Observer(); listener.on("alert",function(name ,age){ console.log(name+":"+age); }); listener.on("aha",function(name ,age){ console.log("这是另外一个事件"+name+":"+age); }); var $btn=document.getElementById("demo") $btn.onclick=function(){ listener.fireEvent(‘aha‘, ‘彼岸花再开‘, 28); } </script> </body> </html>
有点类似jquery里面的on方法,$(ele).on(type,fn)。上面的on是注册一个事件,这个事件是一个对象,存储当前的事件名称和函数。fireEvent可以理解为释放,发射,监听事件。
完整的实现:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>自定义事件</title> </head> <body> <button id="demo">点我吧</button> <script type="text/javascript"> function Observer() { this._events = {}; } Observer.prototype = { constructor: this, addEvent: function(eName, fn) { if (typeof(eName) === "string" && typeof(fn) === "function") { eName = eName.toLowerCase(); if (typeof(this._events[eName]) === "undefined") { this._events[eName] = [fn]; } else { this._events[eName].push(fn); } } return this; }, addEvents: function(obj) { //绑定多事件 obj = typeof(obj) === "object" ? obj : {}; for (var eName in obj) { if (eName && typeof(obj[eName] === "function")) { this.addEvent(eName, obj[eName]); } } return this; }, fireEvent: function(eName) { //触发事件 if (eName && this._events[eName]) { var events = { eName: eName, target: this }; for (var length = this._events[eName].length, start = 0; start < length; start++) { this._events[eName][start].call(this, events); } } return this; }, fireEvents: function(array) { if (array instanceof Array) { for (var i = 0, len = array.length; i < len; i++) { this.fireEvent(array[i]); } } return this; }, removeEvent: function(eName, key) { //删除绑定的事件 var eventsList = this._events[eName]; if (eventsList instanceof Array) { if (typeof(key) === "function") { for (var i = 0, len = eventsList.length; i < len; i++) { if (eventsList[i] === key) {//移除其中某个事件 eventsList.splice(i, 1); break; } } } else if (key instanceof Array) {//移除某个事件下面多个函数 for (var lis = 0, lenkey = key.length; lis < lenkey; lis += 1) { this.removeEvent(type, key[lenkey]); } } else {//直接移除事件下所有函数 delete this._events[eName]; } } return this; }, removeEvents: function(params) { if (params instanceof Array) { for (var i = 0, length = params.length; i < length; i += 1) { this.removeEvent(params[i]); } } else if (typeof params === "object") { for (var type in params) { this.removeEvent(type, params[type]); } } return this; } } var listeners = new Observer(); listeners.addEvents({ "once": function() { alert("该事件只会出现一次!"); this.removeEvent("once"); }, "infinity": function() { alert("每次点击页面,该事件都会!"); } }); document.onclick = function(e) { e = e || window.event; var target = e.target || e.srcElement; if (!target || !/button/i.test(target.tagName)) { listeners.fireEvents(["once", "infinity"]); } }; </script> </body> </html>
换apply实现,细心的你是否发现其中的差别呢:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>自定义事件</title> </head> <body> <button id="demo">点我吧</button> <script type="text/javascript"> function Observer() { this._events = {};//存储事件对象 } Observer.prototype = { constructor: this, addEvent: function(eName, fn) {//绑定事件 if (typeof(eName) === "string" && typeof(fn) === "function") { eName = eName.toLowerCase(); if (typeof(this._events[eName]) === "undefined") { this._events[eName] = [{//将事件函数绑定到事件名称 fn: fn }]; } else { this._events[eName].push({ fn: fn }); } } return this; }, addEvents: function(obj) { //绑定多事件 obj = typeof(obj) === "object" ? obj : {}; for (var eName in obj) { if (eName && typeof(obj[eName] === "function")) { this.addEvent(eName, obj[eName]); } } return this; }, fireEvent: function(eName) {//广播事件,射吧! var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);//将参数转为数组 var eName = args.shift().toLowerCase();//第一个参数是事件名,这里需要除时间名之外的参数 var list = this._events[eName]; if(list instanceof Array){ for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { var dict = list[i]; var fn = dict.fn; fn.apply(null, args); } } return this; }, fireEvents: function(array) { if (array instanceof Array) { for (var i = 0, len = array.length; i < len; i++) { this.fireEvent(array[i]); } } return this; }, removeEvent: function(eName, key) { var eventsList = this._events[eName]; if (eventsList instanceof Array) { if (typeof(key) === "function") { for (var i = 0, len = eventsList.length; i < len; i++) { if (eventsList[i] === key) { eventsList.splice(i, 1); break; } } } else if (key instanceof Array) { for (var lis = 0, lenkey = key.length; lis < lenkey; lis += 1) { this.removeEvent(type, key[lenkey]); } }else{ delete this._events[eName]; } } } } var listeners = new Observer(); listeners.addEvents({ "once": function() { alert("该事件只会出现一次!"); listeners.removeEvent("once"); }, "infinity": function() { alert("每次点击页面,该事件都会出现!"); } }); document.onclick = function(e) { e = e || window.event; var target = e.target || e.srcElement; if (!target || !/input|pre/i.test(target.tagName)) { listeners.fireEvents(["once", "infinity"]); } }; </script> </body> </html>
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