Java中线程等待（同步）的五种方法

在面试时，经常会有面试官问道，一个主线程有多个子线程，如何能使子线程的业务执行完成之后，再执行主线程业务逻辑。对于这个问题，本人能够想到的有五种方法，详细请移步源码

1、使用线程类自带的join方法，将子线程加入到主线程，在子线程执行完之后，在执行主线程逻辑。

例如

public static void joinDemo()
        throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("=========Test with join=====");
        JoinWorker worker1 = new JoinWorker("worker1");
        JoinWorker worker2 = new JoinWorker("worker2");
        worker1.start();
        worker2.start();
        worker1.join();
        worker2.join();
        doSuperWork();
    }

首先，定义子线程

static class CountDownLatchWorker extends Thread
    {
        String workerName;

        CountDownLatch latch;

        public CountDownLatchWorker(String workerName, CountDownLatch latch)
        {
            this.workerName = workerName;
            this.latch = latch;
        }

        public void run()
        {
            System.out.println("Sub Worker " + workerName + " do work begin at "
                               + sdf.format(new Date()));
            new ThreadWaitDemo().doSomeWork();// 做实际工作
            System.out.println("Sub Worker " + workerName + " do work complete at "
                               + sdf.format(new Date()));
            latch.countDown();// 完成之后，计数器减一

        }
    }

public static void countDownLatchDemo()
        throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("=========Test with CountDownLatch=====");
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
        CountDownLatchWorker worker1 = new CountDownLatchWorker("worker1", latch);
        CountDownLatchWorker worker2 = new CountDownLatchWorker("worker2", latch);
        worker1.start();
        worker2.start();
        //主线程阻塞等待
        latch.await();
        doSuperWork();
    }

3、使用JDK并发包CyclicBarrier，CyclicBarrier类似于CountDownLatch也是个计数器， 不同的是CyclicBarrier的await()方法没被调用一次，计数便会减少1，并阻塞住当前线程。当计数减至0时，阻塞解除，所有在此 CyclicBarrier 上面阻塞的线程开始运行。 在这之后，如果再次调用 await()方法，计数就又会变成 N-1，新一轮重新开始CyclicBarrier初始时还可带一个Runnable的参数，此Runnable任务在CyclicBarrier的数目达到后，所有其它线程被唤醒前被执行。

示例如下

public static void cyclicBarrierDemo()
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException
    {
        System.out.println("=========Test with CyclicBarrier=====");
        CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(2, new Runnable()
        {
            // 将主线程业务放到CyclicBarrier构造方法中，所有线程都到达Barrier时执行
            @SuppressWarnings("static-access")
            public void run()
            {
                new ThreadWaitDemo().doSuperWork();
            }
        });// 设定需要等待两个线程
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        CyclicBarrierWorker worker1 = new CyclicBarrierWorker("worker1", cb);
        CyclicBarrierWorker worker2 = new CyclicBarrierWorker("worker2", cb);
        executor.execute(worker1);
        executor.execute(worker2);
        executor.shutdown();
    }

示例如下

public static void callableDemo()
        throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("=========Test with Callable=====");
        List<Callable<Integer>> callList = new ArrayList<Callable<Integer>>();
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        // 采用匿名内部类实现
        callList.add(new Callable<Integer>()
        {
            public Integer call()
                throws Exception
            {
                System.out.println("Sub Worker worker1 do work begin at " + sdf.format(new Date()));
                new ThreadWaitDemo().doSomeWork();// 做实际工作
                System.out.println("Sub Worker worker1 do work complete at "
                                   + sdf.format(new Date()));
                return 0;
            }
        });
        callList.add(new Callable<Integer>()
        {
            public Integer call()
                throws Exception
            {
                System.out.println("Sub Worker worker2 do work begin at " + sdf.format(new Date()));
                new ThreadWaitDemo().doSomeWork();// 做实际工作
                System.out.println("Sub Worker worker2 do work complete at "
                                   + sdf.format(new Date()));
                return 0;
            }
        });
        exec.invokeAll(callList);
        exec.shutdown();
        doSuperWork();

    }