C语言字符串处理函数
函数名: strcpy
功 能:
拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char
*source);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[10];
char *str1 =
"abcdefghi";
stpcpy(string,
str1);
printf("%sn",
string);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strcat
功 能:
字符串拼接函数
用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char
*source);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
destination[25];
char *blank = " ", *c =
"C++", *Borland = "Borland";
strcpy(destination, Borland);
strcat(destination, blank);
strcat(destination, c);
printf("%sn",
destination);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strchr
功 能:
在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处
用 法: char *strchr(char *str,
char c);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[15];
char *ptr, c =
‘r‘;
strcpy(string, "This is a
string");
ptr = strchr(string,
c);
if
(ptr)
printf("The
character %c is at position: %dn", c,
ptr-string);
else
printf("The
character was not foundn");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strcmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法: int
strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值
> 0;两串相等,返回0
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 =
"ccc";
int
ptr;
ptr = strcmp(buf2,
buf1);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2
is greater than buffer 1n");
else
printf("buffer 2
is less than buffer 1n");
ptr =
strcmp(buf2, buf3);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2
is greater than buffer 3n");
else
printf("buffer 2
is less than buffer 3n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strncmpi
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较,
不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2,
unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int
ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2,
buf1);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr <
0)
printf("buffer 2 is less
than buffer 1n");
if (ptr ==
0)
printf("buffer 2 equals
buffer 1n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strcpy
功 能: 串拷贝
用 法:
char *strcpy(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[10];
char *str1 =
"abcdefghi";
strcpy(string,
str1);
printf("%sn",
string);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strcspn
功 能:
在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
#include
<alloc.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2
= "747DC8";
int
length;
length = strcspn(string1,
string2);
printf("Character where
strings intersect is at position %dn",
length);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strdup
功 能:
将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法: char *strdup(char
*str);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
#include
<alloc.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*dup_str, *string = "abcde";
dup_str =
strdup(string);
printf("%sn",
dup_str);
free(dup_str);
return
0;
}
函数名: strcmp
功 能:
比较字符串str1和str2。
用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char
*str2);
说 明: 当s1<s2时,返回值<0
当s1=s2时,返回值=0
当s1>s2时,返回值>0
即:两个字符串自左向右逐个字符相比(按ASCII值大小相比较),直到出现不同的字符或遇‘\0‘为止。
程序例:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char string[20];
char str[3][20];
int i;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
gets(str[i]);
if(strcmp(str[0],str[1])>0)
strcpy(string,str[0]);
else
strcpy(string,str[1]);
if(strcmp(str[2],string)>0)
strcpy(string,str[2]);
printf("\nThe
largest string is %s\n",string);
}
函数名:
stricmp
功 能:
以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int
ptr;
ptr = stricmp(buf2,
buf1);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr <
0)
printf("buffer 2 is less
than buffer 1n");
if (ptr ==
0)
printf("buffer 2 equals
buffer 1n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strerror
功 能:
返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法: char *strerror(int
errnum);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<errno.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*buffer;
buffer =
strerror(errno);
printf("Error: %sn",
buffer);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strcmpi
功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较,
不管大小写
用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int
ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2,
buf1);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr <
0)
printf("buffer 2 is less
than buffer 1n");
if (ptr ==
0)
printf("buffer 2 equals
buffer 1n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strncmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法:
int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int
maxlen);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;
ptr =
strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is
less than buffer 1n");
ptr =
strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 3n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is
less than buffer 3n");
return(0);
}
函数名:
strncmpi
功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较,
不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
int
ptr;
ptr =
strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr <
0)
printf("buffer 2 is less
than buffer 1n");
if (ptr ==
0)
printf("buffer 2 equals
buffer 1n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strncpy
功 能: 串拷贝
用 法:
char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int
maxlen);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[10];
char *str1 =
"abcdefghi";
strncpy(string, str1,
3);
string[3] =
‘‘;
printf("%sn",
string);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strnicmp
功 能:
不注重大小写地比较两个串
用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char
*str2, unsigned
maxlen);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *buf1
= "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
int
ptr;
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1,
3);
if (ptr >
0)
printf("buffer 2 is
greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr <
0)
printf("buffer 2 is less
than buffer 1n");
if (ptr ==
0)
printf("buffer 2 equals
buffer 1n");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strnset
功 能:
将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char
ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char
letter = ‘x‘;
printf("string before strnset:
%sn", string);
strnset(string, letter,
13);
printf("string after strnset:
%sn", string);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strpbrk
功 能:
在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char
*string2 = "onm";
char
*ptr;
ptr = strpbrk(string1,
string2);
if
(ptr)
printf("strpbrk found
first character: %cn", *ptr);
else
printf("strpbrk didn‘t
find character in setn");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strrchr
功 能:
在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char
c);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[15];
char *ptr, c =
‘r‘;
strcpy(string, "This is a
string");
ptr = strrchr(string,
c);
if
(ptr)
printf("The character
%c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string);
else
printf("The character
was not foundn");
return
0;
}
函数名:
strrev
功 能: 串倒转
用 法:
char *strrev(char
*str);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*forward = "string";
printf("Before strrev():
%sn", forward);
strrev(forward);
printf("After
strrev(): %sn", forward);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strset
功 能:
将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strset(char *str, char
c);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol =
‘c‘;
printf("Before strset(): %sn",
string);
strset(string,
symbol);
printf("After strset(): %sn",
string);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strspn
功 能:
在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
#include
<alloc.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 =
"123DC8";
int
length;
length = strspn(string1,
string2);
printf("Character where strings
differ is at position %dn", length);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strstr
功 能:
在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char
*str2);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char *str1
= "Borland International", *str2 = "nation",
*ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1,
str2);
printf("The substring is: %sn",
ptr);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strtod
功 能:
将字符串转换为double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char
**endptr);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<stdlib.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
input[80], *endptr;
double
value;
printf("Enter a floating point
number:");
gets(input);
value = strtod(input,
&endptr);
printf("The string is %s the
number is %lfn", input, value);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strsep
功 能:
分解字符串为一组字符串。从str1指向的位置起向后扫描,遇到delim指向位置的字符后,将此字符替换为NULL,返回str1指向的地址。
用
法: char *strtok(char **str1, const char
*delim);
程序例:
int main()
{
int len, nel;
char
query[] ="user_command=appleboy&test=1&test2=2";
char
*q, *name, *value; /* Parse into individualassignments */
q
= query; fprintf(stderr, "CGI[query string] : %s\n",query);
len = strlen(query);
nel = 1;
while (strsep(&q, "&"))
nel++;
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[nel string] : %d\n", nel);
for (q = query; q< (query +
len);)
{
value = name = q; /* Skip to next
assignment */
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[string] :%s\n",
q);
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[stringlen] : %d\n",
strlen(q));
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[address] :%x\n",
q);
for (q += strlen(q); q < (query +len) &&
!*q; q++); /* Assign variable */
name =
strsep(&value,"=");
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[name ]
:%s\n", name);
fprintf(stderr, "CGI[value] :%s\n",
value);
}
return 0;
}
函数名:
strtok
功 能:
查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
用 法: char *strtok(char *str1,
char *str2);
程序例:
#include
<string.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
input[16] = "abc,d";
char
*p;
/* strtok places a NULL
terminator
in front of the token, if found
*/
p = strtok(input,
",");
if (p) printf("%sn",
p);
/* A second call to strtok using a
NULL
as the first parameter returns a
pointer
to the character following the
token */
p = strtok(NULL,
",");
if (p) printf("%sn",
p);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strtol
功 能: 将串转换为长整数
用
法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int
base);
程序例:
#include
<stdlib.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string = "87654321", *endptr;
long
lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long
integer */
lnumber = strtol(string,
&endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s
long = %ldn", string, lnumber);
return
0;
}
函数名:
strupr
功 能:
将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
用 法: char *strupr(char
*str);
程序例:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main(void)
{
char
*string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
/* converts string to upper case characters
*/
ptr =
strupr(string);
printf("%sn",
ptr);
return
0;
}
函数名:
swab
功 能: 交换字节
用
法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int
nbytes);
程序例:
#include
<stdlib.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna
d";
char target[15];
int
main(void)
{
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
printf("This is target: %sn", target);
return
0;
}
PS:isalpha()是字符函数,不是字符串函数,
isalpha
原型:extern int isalpha(int
c);
用法:#include
<ctype.h>
功能:判断字符c是否为英文字母
说明:当c为英文字母a-z或A-Z时,返回非零值,否则返回零。
举例:
//
isalpha.c
#include <syslib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include
<stdio.h>
main()
{
int
c;
clrscr(); // clear
screen
printf("Press
a key");
for(;;)
{
c=getchar();
clrscr();
printf("%c: %s
letter",c,isalpha(c)?"is":"not");
}
return 0; // just
to avoid warnings by compiler
}
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