解决IronScheme控制台输入中文的问题并且实现调用.NET程序
前言
一直以来对Lisp语言怀有很崇敬的心里,《黑客与画家》对Lisp更是推崇备至,虽然看了不少有关Lisp的介绍但都没有机会去写段程序试试,就像我对C++一样,多少有点敬畏。这个周末花了不少时间来研究Lisp。
Lisp是古老的函数式语言,跟C,C++等命令式语言完全不一样的编程风格,但Lisp的方言很多,最后Lisp标准委员制定了Common
Lisp,但内容很长,有1000多页,因此功能比较强大;而Lisp的另外一个主要分支就是Scheme,它的标准内容只有不到100页,所以非常简单,适合学术研究和大学计算机语言教学以及一般的工程应用。目前Lisp有在JVM上的实现,在.NET上的实现就是
IronScheme,于是我便开始选择了IronScheme作为Lisp研究的第一站。
1,下载IronScheme源码
IronScheme在Codeplex上有开源项目, https://ironscheme.codeplex.com/ ,可以下载它的源码和编译好的程序,在 https://ironscheme.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest 可以下载源码,我下载时候的文件名是 ironscheme-103684,下载的源码可以用VS2008打开。如果没有开发环境,直接用 debugbuild.bat 也就可以直接编译。另外还可以直接运行测试 r6rstest.bat
2,IronScheme控制台
在网站上下载IronScheme的应用程序后,可以直接看到它已经提供了不同环境下的控制台程序,分别有64位与32位,.NET 2.0与4.0的程序: IronScheme.Console32-v2.exe IronScheme.Console32-v4.exe IronScheme.Console-v2.exe IronScheme.Console-v4.exe
2.1,执行Scheme程序
找一个合适的控制台运行下,输入几个Lisp表达式看看:
Lisp程序有一个天然的执行多个参数运算的特点,所以我们可以执行多个数字相加。也可以使用 display 函数显示一个字符串。
2.2,中文乱码问题
写一个简单的Hello 程序文件来加载 试试:
执行这个程序,成功 ,但是乱码,不管是存储成 ANSI格式还是UTF8格式均乱码:
2.3,解决乱码
无奈,只有打开IronScheme源码进行分析,分析了很久很久....
最后干脆直接搜索编码格式 Encoding...,好歹涉及这个关键词的地方只有3个:
在 IronScheme.Console 项目下的 Program 文件中,找到下面的代码:
Encoding oo = Console.OutputEncoding; EnableMulticoreJIT(); try { //Console.OutputEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; return IronSchemeConsoleHost.Execute(args); } finally { Console.OutputEncoding = oo; }
将原来的 Console.OutputEncoding = Encoding.UTF8 注释即可,由于我的电脑是中文环境,这样程序便以GBK的编码运行了,此时即可正常显示Scheme 程序中的 汉字。但是,如果要加载的文件名有汉字,则悲剧了,控制台无法输入汉字...
再次检查程序中所有跟控制台有关的编码的地方,发现除了前面检查过的编码问题,再也没有其它地方,最后跟踪调试代码,发现程序使用
Console.ReadKey()
方法来获取屏幕输入的,而这个方法,是无法获得中文输入的...%&*....
既然是截获了键盘敲击,那么我就顶一个特殊的键,按下它在弹窗出来一个窗口,在里面输入中文就可以了吧,于是找到文件 SuperConsole.cs ,找到 Insert(ConsoleKeyInfo key) 方法,修改成下面的代码:
private void Insert(ConsoleKeyInfo key) { char c; if (key.Key == ConsoleKey.F6) { Debug.Assert(FinalLineText.Length == 1); c = FinalLineText[0]; } else if (key.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Alt && (key.Key >= ConsoleKey.NumPad0 && key.Key <= ConsoleKey.NumPad9)) { c = ‘?‘; } else { c = key.KeyChar; } //Ctrl+Z 输入汉字 if (key.Key == ConsoleKey.Z && key.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Control) { frmInputString frm = new frmInputString(); frm.Activate(); frm.ShowDialog(); //Console.Write(frm.Text); string s = frm.Text; _input.Append(s); Output.Write(s); _rendered += s.Length; _current += s.Length; } else { Insert(c); } }
这样就可以在Scheme控制台弹窗输入中文了,顺便加入文件选择功能,方便加载程序文件,如图:
3,Scheme 调用 .NET
按照 作者官方的说法,IronScheme是可以签入在.NET应用程序里面的,但是单独执行Scheme程序的时候,是否可以调用 .net已有的程序呢?这个IronScheme也提供了,下面是 https://ironscheme.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=clr-syntax&referringTitle=Documentation 页面的内容:
These macro‘s are exported from the (ironscheme clr) library.
Common parameters
type is either:
- a symbol. Eg: Int32 or System.IO.Stream
- a list implying a generic type. Eg: (Action Int32)
- #f (false) meaning the type should try to be inferred
Primary syntax
(clr-namespaces) Returns all the imported at the lexical
scope
(clr-reference reference) reference
can be a symbol for the assembly short name (ie System.Web) or a string
containing the fully qualified assembly name.
(clr-using
namespace) namespace is a symbol. Eg System.IO
.
(clr-call type method instance
arg ...) method is a symbol for a simple name, eg
ToInt32 or a string to resolve specific methods, eg "ToInt32(Object)" .
instance is a reference to the object of type . Can be null
(‘()) for static methods. arg
... is the arguments passed to the
method.
(clr-cast type expr) expr
is the instance to be cast.
(clr-is type
expr) expr is the instance to be
tested.
(clr-new type arg ...)
arg ... is the arguments passed to the
constructor.
(clr-new-array type size)
size is the size of the array. Must be an
integer.
(clr-event-add! type event
instance handler) event is a symbol for the name of
the event. Eg Click . instance is a reference to the object of
type . Can be null (‘()) for static
events. handler is a procedure taking the same number of arguments as
the event‘s delegate.
(clr-event-remove!
type event instance handler)
event is a symbol for the name of the event. Eg Click .
instance is a reference to the object of type . Can be null
(‘()) for static events. handler is a
procedure taking the same number of arguments as the event‘s
delegate.
(clr-field-get type field
instance) field is a symbol for the name of the field. Eg
m_foo . instance is a reference to the object of type . Can be
null (‘()) for static
fields.
(clr-field-set! type field
instance expr) field is a symbol for the name of the
field. Eg m_foo . instance is a reference to the object of
type . Can be null (‘()) for static
fields. expr is the value to set the
field.
(pinvoke-call library method
arg ...) arg ... is the arguments passed to
the method.
Derived syntax
(clr-indexer-get type
instance arg ...) instance is a reference to
the object of type . arg ... is the arguments passed
to the indexer.
(clr-indexer-set! type
instance arg ... expr) instance is
a reference to the object of type . arg ... is the
arguments passed to the indexer. expr is the value to set the
indexer.
(clr-prop-get type property
instance) property is the name of the property. Eg Height .
instance is a reference to the object of type . Can be null
(‘()) for static
properties.
(clr-prop-set! type property
instance expr) property is the name of the property.
Eg Height . instance is a reference to the object of type .
Can be null (‘()) for static properties.
expr is the value to set the
property.
(clr-static-call type method
arg ...) method is a symbol for a simple name, eg
ToInt32 or a string to resolve specific methods, eg "ToInt32(Object)" .
arg ... is the arguments passed to the
method.
(clr-static-event-add! type
event handler) event is a symbol for the name of the
event. Eg Click . handler is a procedure taking the same number of
arguments as the event‘s
delegate.
(clr-static-event-remove! type
event handler) event is a symbol for the name of the
event. Eg Click . handler is a procedure taking the same number of
arguments as the event‘s
delegate.
(clr-static-field-get type
field) field is a symbol for the name of the field. Eg m_foo
.
(clr-static-field-set! type field
expr) field is a symbol for the name of the field. Eg m_foo .
expr is the value to set the
field.
(clr-static-prop-get type property)
property is the name of the property. Eg Height
.
(clr-static-prop-set! type property
expr) property is the name of the property. Eg Height .
expr is the value to set the property.
3.1,小试牛刀
看来支持得还挺全面,马上写个程序试试看:
(import (rnrs) (ironscheme clr)) ;Define a function write-ln (define (write-ln fmt . args) (clr-static-call System.Console WriteLine (clr-cast System.String fmt) (clr-cast System.Object[] (list->vector args)))) ; And invoke it! (write-ln "{0}" "Hello World!") (write-ln "1:{0}" "aaa") (write-ln "1:{0} 2:{1}" "张三" "李四")
这个程序是调用 .net的 Console.WriteLine 方法的,运行这个程序试试:
注意程序文件需要保存为 UTF8格式的,IronScheme 才可以正常显示中文。
3.2,为是么要用 Scheme调用 .NET?
利用 Lisp的强大表达能力,调用.net强大的类库
Scheme可以当作脚本语言,可以.net程序动态生成一个 Scheme程序,Scheme程序再调用.net。。。。 这个过程的用途,明白了吧?
比如工作流程序,调用一个Scheme 脚本..
参考资源
更多的 Lisp,Scheme学习资源,可以参考下面的链接 :
Lisp 的永恒之道
http://www.oschina.net/question/28_57183
Scheme语言--简介
http://blog.csdn.net/zzulp/article/details/5547729
学习Scheme
http://blog.csdn.net/ramacess/article/details/570769
Read access to a .NET Assembly
https://ironscheme.codeplex.com/discussions/60977
Playing with IronScheme
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/33050/Playing-with-IronScheme
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