利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

浏览数：27 / 时间：2015年06月09日

利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

CA验证中心（颁发/吊销证书）
/ \ \
CA 证书 / 下发 \ \ 证书请求
/ 证书 \ \
client <--------数字证书------ WEB

1。web服务器,生成非对称加密密钥对（web公钥，web私钥）
2。web服务器使用 web身份信息＋web公钥生成 web服务器的证书请求，并将证书请求发给CA服务器
3。CA服务器使用 CA的私钥对 web 服务器的证书请求进行数字签名得到 web服务器的数字证书，并将web服务器的数字证书颁发给web服务器。
4。client访问web服务器，请求https连接，下载web数字证书
5。client下载 CA数字证书（CA身份信息＋CA公钥，由上一级CA颁发，也可自签名颁发），验证 web数字证书（CA数字证书中有CA公钥，web数字证书是使用CA私钥签名的）
6。client与web协商对称加密算法，client生成对称加密密钥并使用web公钥加密，发送给web服务器，web服务器使用web私钥解密
7。使用对称加密密钥传输数据，并校验数据的完整性

利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

下面呢我们来讲一下具体步骤
配置CA服务器
========================================================
1.配置CA 172.16.1.2 生成CA自己的公钥私钥 CA对自己进行证书自签名 (用脚本生成)
[root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
dir = /etc/CA # Where everything is kept 第45行
basicConstraints=CA:TRUE # 自签署的证书可以使用第178行

[root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA
CATOP=/etc/CA #第42行

[root@CA ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca
CA certificate filename (or enter to create)
Making CA certificate ...
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
.......................++++++
writing new private key to ‘../../CA/private/./cakey.pem‘ #私钥
Enter PEM pass phrase:123456 #保护CA私钥
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:123456
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN #身份信息
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:CA.uplooking.com
Email Address []:[email protected]

Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ../../CA/private/./cakey.pem:123456 #使用私钥自签名
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 0 (0x0)
Validity
Not Before: Mar 5 01:40:50 2012 GMT
Not After : Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING
organizationName = UPLOOKING
organizationalUnitName = IT
commonName = CA.uplooking.com
emailAddress = [email protected]
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT (1095 days)

Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

[root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem #CA私钥
[root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/cacert.pem #CA证书
[root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/careq.pem #CA证书请求

配置web服务器
===============================================================
web 生成自己的私钥
[root@www ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key #使用des3保护私钥
Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus
.........++++++++++++
......................++++++++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456

生成证书请求（使用身份标识＋公钥）
[root@www ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /tmp/server.csr
Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate
request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank.
-----
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN #这部分信息要与CA一致 !!!
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:www.uplooking.com
Email Address []:[email protected]

Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

将证书请求发送给CA
[root@www ~]# scp /tmp/server.csr CA.uplooking.com:/tmp/

CA服务器对证书请求进行数字签名
=============================================================================
[root@CA ~]# openssl ca -keyfile /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /tmp/server.crt

/etc/CA/private/cakey.pem （这是ca的私钥）
/tmp/server.csr （httpserver的证书请求文件）
/etc/CA/cacert.pem (ca的证书)
/tmp/server.crt （生成的httpserver的证书的名字）

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Mar 5 02:20:56 2012 GMT
Not After : Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING
organizationName = UPLOOKING
organizationalUnitName = IT
commonName = www.uplooking.com
emailAddress = [email protected]
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
D0:6E:C7:7D:FC:BE:0D:62:CA:B9:A2:E0:2A:9A:27:32:39:0B:91:F8
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

将签名后的数字证书颁发给web
[root@CA ~]# scp /tmp/server.crt www.uplooking.com:/etc/httpd/conf.d/

配置web支持ssl实现https
==========================================================
[root@www ~]# yum install httpd mod_ssl
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key

[root@www ~]# netstat -tunpl | grep 443
tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 2000/httpd

Client下载CA证书并导入到浏览器，然后访问www服务器
==================================================================================
client需要下载CA证书并导入浏览器，使用https访问web，浏览器验证web数字证书是否由CA颁发打开firefox，编辑------>首选项----->高级----> 加密----->查看证书------>导入