模拟HttpContext 实现ASP.NET MVC 的单元测试

• 众所周知 ASP.NET MVC 的一个显著优势即可以很方便的实现单元测试，但在我们测试过程中经常要用到HttpContext，而默认情况下单元测试框架是不提供HttpContext的模拟的，本文通过MOQ框架实现对HttpContext的模拟从而实现更便利的单元测试。

  一、Moq框架使用

  Moq是一个非常优秀的模拟框架，可以实现对接口成员的模拟，常用在TDD中。 可在此处下载http://code.google.com/p/moq/downloads/list 也可以通过Nuget直接下载。

  先来看一个简单的moq应用

  1. 定义一个简单接口且不需要实现接口(Moq就是模拟框架因此不需要实现)

     1:  using System;

     2:   using System.Collections.Generic;

     3:   using System.Linq;

     4:   using System.Text;

     5:   

     6:   namespace Stphen.Sample.<a href="http://www.it165.net/pro/webasp/" target="_blank" class="keylink">ASP</a>NETMvc.MockUnitTest.Bussiness

     7:   {

     8:      public interface IFoo

     9:      {

    10:          void DoSomeThing(string thingName);

    11:          bool IsLoveFoo();

    12:   

    13:          string FooName { get; set; }

    14:      }

    15:   }

• 2. 在测试代码中我实现了对接口的Mock

   1:  using System;

   2:  using System.Text;

   3:  using System.Collections.Generic;

   4:  using System.Linq;

   5:  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

   6:  using Moq;

   7:  using Stphen.Sample.<a href="http://www.it165.net/pro/webasp/" target="_blank" class="keylink">ASP</a>NETMvc.MockUnitTest.Bussiness;

   8:   

   9:  namespace Stephen.Sample.ASPNETMvc.MockUnitTest.TestProject

  10:  {

  11:      [TestClass]

  12:      public class MockUnitTest

  13:      {

  14:          private readonly Mock<IFoo> _fooMock; 

  15:   

  16:          public MockUnitTest()

  17:          {

  18:              _fooMock = new Mock<IFoo>();

  19:          }

  20:   

  21:          [TestMethod]

  22:          public void MockDoSomeThingMethodTest()

  23:          {

  24:              _fooMock.Setup(foo => foo.DoSomeThing(It.IsAny<string>())).Callback((string s) => Console.WriteLine(s));

  25:              _fooMock.Object.DoSomeThing("HelloWorld");

  26:          }

  27:   

  28:          [TestMethod]

  29:          public  void MockIsLoveMockFramewrokMethodTest()

  30:          {

  31:              _fooMock.Setup(foo => foo.IsLoveFoo()).Returns(true);

  32:              Assert.AreEqual(true, _fooMock.Object.IsLoveFoo());

  33:          }

  34:   

  35:          [TestMethod]

  36:          public  void MockFooNamePropertyTest()

  37:          {

  38:              _fooMock.Setup(foo => foo.FooName).Returns("stephen");

  39:              Assert.AreEqual("stephen",_fooMock.Object.FooName);

  40:          }

  41:      }

  42:  }

第一个方法没有返回值，第二个有返回值分别用Mock 的 Callback 和 return 方法。

二、通过Moq框架实现HttpContext的模拟（MvcContextMock）

   1:  using System;

   2:   using System.Collections.Generic;

   3:   using System.Linq;

   4:   using System.Text;

   5:   using System.Web;

   6:   using System.Web.Routing;

   7:   using System.Web.Mvc;

   8:   using Moq;

   9:   namespace MvcContextMock

  10:   {

  11:       /// <summary>

  12:       /// Mvc Context 工厂

  13:       /// </summary>

  14:       public static class MvcContextMockFactory

  15:       {

  16:           private static ControllerContext controllerContext = null;

  17:           /// <summary>

  18:           /// 创建ControllerContext

  19:           /// </summary>

  20:           /// <param name="controller">Controller</param>

  21:           /// <returns></returns>

  22:           public static ControllerContext CreateControllerContext(Controller controller)

  23:           {

  24:                controllerContext = new ControllerContext

  25:                  (

  26:                 CreateHttpContext(),

  27:                 new RouteData(),

  28:                  controller);

  29:               return controllerContext;

  30:           }

  31:   

  32:           /// <summary>

  33:           /// 创建ControllerContext

  34:           /// </summary>

  35:           /// <param name="controller">Controller</param>

  36:           /// <param name="contextBase">httpContextBase</param>

  37:           /// <returns></returns>

  38:           public static ControllerContext CreateControllerContext(Controller controller, HttpContextBase contextBase)

  39:           {

  40:                controllerContext = new ControllerContext

  41:                  (

  42:                 contextBase,

  43:                 new RouteData(),

  44:                  controller);

  45:               return controllerContext;

  46:           }

  47:   

  48:   

  49:           /// <summary>

  50:           /// 创建ControllerContext

  51:           /// </summary>

  52:           /// <param name="controller">controller</param>

  53:           /// <param name="url">访问的url地址</param>

  54:           /// <param name="httpMethod">访问的方法（get,post）</param>

  55:           /// <param name="name">路由名称</param>

  56:           /// <param name="pattern">路由格式</param>

  57:           /// <param name="obj">路由默认值</param>

  58:           /// <returns></returns>

  59:           public static ControllerContext CreateControllerContext(Controller controller, string url, string httpMethod, string name, string pattern, string obj)

  60:           {

  61:                controllerContext = new ControllerContext

  62:                   (

  63:                   CreateHttpContext(),

  64:                   GetRouteData(url, httpMethod, name, pattern, obj),

  65:                   controller);

  66:               return controllerContext;

  67:           }

  68:   

  69:           /// <summary>

  70:           /// 创建ControllerContext

  71:           /// </summary>

  72:           /// <param name="controller">controller</param>

  73:           /// <param name="contextBase">HttpContextBase</param>

  74:           /// <param name="url">访问的url地址</param>

  75:           /// <param name="httpMethod">访问的方法（get,post）</param>

  76:           /// <param name="name">路由名称</param>

  77:           /// <param name="pattern">路由格式</param>

  78:           /// <param name="obj">路由默认值</param>

  79:           /// <returns></returns>

  80:           public static ControllerContext CreateControllerContext(Controller controller, HttpContextBase contextBase, string url, string httpMethod, string name, string pattern, string obj)

  81:           {

  82:                controllerContext = new ControllerContext

  83:                   (

  84:                   contextBase,

  85:                   GetRouteData(url, httpMethod, name, pattern, obj),

  86:                   controller);

  87:               return controllerContext;

  88:           }

  89:   

  90:           /// <summary>

  91:           /// 创建HttpContextBase

  92:           /// </summary>

  93:           /// <returns></returns>

  94:           public static HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext()

  95:           {

  96:               var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();

  97:               var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();

  98:               var response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();

  99:               var session = new Mock<HttpSessionStateBase>();

 100:               var server = new Mock<HttpServerUtilityBase>();

 101:               response

 102:                   .Setup(rsp => rsp.ApplyAppPathModifier(Moq.It.IsAny<string>()))

 103:                   .Returns((string s) => s);

 104:   

 105:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Request).Returns(request.Object);

 106:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Response).Returns(response.Object);

 107:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Session).Returns(session.Object);

 108:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Server).Returns(server.Object);

 109:   

 110:               return context.Object;

 111:           }

 112:   

 113:           #region Private Method

 114:           private static HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string url, string httpMethod)

 115:           {

 116:               var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();

 117:               var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();

 118:               var response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();

 119:               var session = new Mock<HttpSessionStateBase>();

 120:               var server = new Mock<HttpServerUtilityBase>();

 121:               response

 122:                   .Setup(rsp => rsp.ApplyAppPathModifier(Moq.It.IsAny<string>()))

 123:                   .Returns((string s) => s);

 124:   

 125:               request.Setup(req => req.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath).Returns(url);

 126:               request.Setup(req => req.HttpMethod).Returns(httpMethod);

 127:   

 128:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Request).Returns(request.Object);

 129:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Response).Returns(response.Object);

 130:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Session).Returns(session.Object);

 131:               context.Setup(ctx => ctx.Server).Returns(server.Object);

 132:   

 133:               return context.Object;

 134:           }

 135:   

 136:           private static RouteData GetRouteData(string url, string httpMethod, string name, string pattern, string obj)

 137:           {

 138:               RouteTable.Routes.MapRoute(name, pattern, obj);

 139:               var routeData =

 140:                   RouteTable.Routes.

 141:                   GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));

 142:               return routeData;

 143:           }

 144:           #endregion 

 145:   

 146:       }

 147:   }

三、在mvc中使用MockHttpContextFactory

通过之前编写MvcContextMockFactory类我们在MVC单元测试中可以轻松的实现对HttpContext的模拟

首先创建一个控制器

   1:  using System;

   2:  using System.Collections.Generic;

   3:  using System.Linq;

   4:  using System.Text;

   5:  using System.Web.Mvc;

   6:  namespace Stephen.Sample.ASPNETMvc.MockUnitTest.Controller

   7:  {

   8:     public class HomeController:System.Web.Mvc.Controller

   9:      {

  10:        public ViewResult Index()

  11:        {

  12:            ViewData["controller"] = RouteData.Values["controller"];

  13:            ViewData["action"] = RouteData.Values["action"];

  14:            return View("Index");

  15:        }

  16:      }

  17:  }

因为控制器中需要获取RouteData，RouteData来自于Controller下的ControllerContext

单元测试中调用MockHttpContextFactory模拟ControllerContext，完成单元测试。

   1:  using System;

   2:  using System.Text;

   3:  using System.Collections.Generic;

   4:  using System.Linq;

   5:  using System.Web.Mvc;

   6:  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

   7:  using MvcContextMock;

   8:  using Stephen.Sample.ASPNETMvc.MockUnitTest.Controller;

   9:   

  10:  namespace Stephen.Sample.ASPNETMvc.MockUnitTest.TestProject

  11:  {

  12:      [TestClass]

  13:      public class HomeControllerUnitTest

  14:      {

  15:          [TestMethod]

  16:          public void IndexActionTest()

  17:          {

  18:              var homeController = new HomeController();

  19:              homeController.ControllerContext = MvcContextMock.MvcContextMockFactory.CreateControllerContext(homeController, "~/Home/Index", "get", "DefaultRoute", "{controller}/{action}", null);

  20:              ViewResult result= homeController.Index();

  21:              Assert.AreEqual("Index",result.ViewName);

  22:              Assert.AreEqual("Home",result.ViewData["controller"]);

  23:              Assert.AreEqual("Index", result.ViewData["action"]);

  24:          }

  25:      }

  26:  }

对于更简单的HttpContext在MockHttpContextFactory中有专用的方法生成与ControllerContext原理类似。

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