JavaScript中的call、apply
JavaScript中的call、apply
call
JavaScript中的call是调用一个函数,在调用函数时,将this的值绑定为call参数中的第一个参数。
var bye = function(param, param2){
console.log(this);
console.log(param);
console.log(param2);
console.log("bye");
console.log(this.x)
}
t = {‘x‘: 1};
bye.call(t, 1, 2);
其结果为:
Object {x: 1}
1
2
bye
1
当然,我们也可以将this值绑定为一个原始值,调用上述函数:
bye.call(5, 1, 2);
其结果为:
Number {[[PrimitiveValue]]: 5}
1
2
bye
在non-strict 模式下,如果我们将null,undefined和原始类型的值传给this参数,其this值将被global代替,在MDN中有这样的说明:
thisArg
The value of this provided for the call to fun. Note that this may not be the actual value seen by the method: if the method is a function in non-strict mode code, null and undefined will be replaced with the global object, and primitive values will be boxed.
call函数的作用就是我们在调用方法时可以设定一个不同的对象,因为其默认的对象就是当前对象,正因为这样,我们可以只写一次该方法,在另一对象中继承该方法,然后调用它,而不需要再写一遍该方法。MDN中对该方法的介绍:
You can assign a different this object when calling an existing function. this refers to the current object, the calling object. With call, you can write a method once and then inherit it in another object, without having to rewrite the method for the new object.
应用场景一:利用call实现继承(Using call to chain constructors for an object)
function Product(name, price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
if (price < 0) {
throw RangeError(‘Cannot create product ‘ +
this.name + ‘ with a negative price‘);
}
return this;
}
function Food(name, price) {
Product.call(this, name, price);
this.category = ‘food‘;
}
Food.prototype = Object.create(Product.prototype);
function Toy(name, price) {
Product.call(this, name, price);
this.category = ‘toy‘;
}
Toy.prototype = Object.create(Product.prototype);
var cheese = new Food(‘feta‘, 5);
var fun = new Toy(‘robot‘, 40);
Food和Toy利用call继承了Product的name和price,然后各自又有了category 属性。
应用场景二:利用call调用匿名函数(Using call to invoke an anonymous function)
var animals = [
{ species: ‘Lion‘, name: ‘King‘ },
{ species: ‘Whale‘, name: ‘Fail‘ }
];
for (var i = 0; i < animals.length; i++) {
(function(i) {
this.print = function() {
console.log(‘#‘ + i + ‘ ‘ + this.species
+ ‘: ‘ + this.name);
}
this.print();
}).call(animals[i], i);
}
apply
apply与call几乎完全相同,只是在传递参数时apply传递的是数组(array)或者是类似数组的对象( array-like object),其调用方式:
fun.apply(this, [‘eat‘, ‘bananas‘]);
fun.apply(this, new Array(‘eat‘, ‘bananas‘));
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