Android系统开发(7)——标准I/O与文件锁
一、常用函数
#include <stdio.h> int main(){ char c; FILE *pin, *pout; //open file pin = fopen("file.in", "r"); pout = fopen("file.out", "w+"); while(c = fgetc(pin) != EOF){ fputc(c, pout); } fclose(pin); fclose(pout); return 0; }
二、文件锁定
struct file_lock { struct file_lock *fl_next; /* singly linked list for this inode */ struct list_head fl_link; /* doubly linked list of all locks */ struct list_head fl_block; /* circular list of blocked processes */ fl_owner_t fl_owner; unsigned char fl_flags; unsigned char fl_type; unsigned int fl_pid; struct pid *fl_nspid; wait_queue_head_t fl_wait; struct file *fl_file; loff_t fl_start; loff_t fl_end; struct fasync_struct * fl_fasync; /* for lease break notifications */ unsigned long fl_break_time; /* for nonblocking lease breaks */ const struct file_lock_operations *fl_ops; /* Callbacks for filesystems */ const struct lock_manager_operations *fl_lmops; /* Callbacks for lockmanagers */ union { struct nfs_lock_info nfs_fl; struct nfs4_lock_info nfs4_fl; struct { struct list_head link; /* link in AFS vnode‘s pending_locks list */ int state; /* state of grant or error if -ve */ } afs; } fl_u; };在Linux中有强制锁和建议锁两种锁,强制锁由系统内核空间支持(和内核操作相关的函数都会判断),建议锁其实就是一个标识锁由用户空间支持(手动判断)。
...
short l_type; /* Type of lock: F_RDLCK(共享锁),
F_WRLCK(独占锁), F_UNLCK (删除锁)*/
short l_whence; /* How to interpret l_start:
SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END */
off_t l_start; /* Starting offset for lock (起点)*/
off_t l_len; /* Number of bytes to lock(长度) */
pid_t l_pid; /* PID of process blocking our lock
(F_GETLK only)(拥有锁的进程ID号) */
...
};
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> int main(){ //open file int fd = open("hello", O_RDWRIO_CREAT, 0666); if(fd > 0){ //lock file struct flock lock; lock.l_type = F_WRLCK; lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET; lock.l_start = 0; lock.l_len = 0; lock.l_pid = getpid(); int rd = fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &lock); printf("return value of lock:%d\n", rd); while(1){ rd++; } } return 0; }
三、错误处理
系统级调用函数失败之后会设置外部变量error的值来指明失败原因。然后可以使用perror将最新的error输出。#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> int main(){ int fd = open("helloworld", O_RDONL, 0666); if(fd < 0){ perror("open error"); } return 0; }
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