php+mysql+nginx在linux上的环境部署

浏览数：45 / 时间：2015年06月12日

一直在linux上鼓捣，还没有完整在linux下配置过nginx服务器环境部署呢，这几天没什么事就部署了一下，遇到的问题也很多，现在把我的环境部署文档发出了，有什么问题大家可以一起讨论一下，希望大家采用后遇到问题多多沟通。

|| 安装所需各种依赖包

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

关于/etc/ld.so.conf:
这个文件记录了编译时使用的动态链接库的路径。
默认情况下，编译器只会使用/lib和/usr/lib这两个目录下的库文件
将自己可能存放库文件的路径都加入到/etc/ld.so.conf中是明智的选择
添加方法也极其简单，将库文件的绝对路径直接写进去就OK了，一行一个。例如：
/usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib

ldconfig是什么?
它是一个程序，通常它位于/sbin下，供root用户使用。它的作用就是将/etc/ld.so.conf列出的路径下的库文件缓存到/etc/ld.so.cache 以供使用，因此当安装完一些库文件，或者修改ld.so.conf增加新的库路径后，需要运行一下/sbin/ldconfig，使所有的库文件都被缓存到ld.so.cache中，如果没做，即使库文件明明就在/usr/lib下的，也是不会被使用的，结果编译过程中报错，缺少xxx库。切记改动库文件后一定要运行一下ldconfig，在任何目录下运行都可以。
2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/home/pubsrc/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /home/pubsrc/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/pubsrc/mysql/
cd ../
　　①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/data/
     mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/binlog/
     mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog/
     chown -R mysql:mysql /home/pubsrc/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/pubsrc/mysql --datadir=/home/pubsrc/mysql/data --user=mysql
③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /home/pubsrc/mysql/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
[client]
#character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /home/pubsrc/mysql
datadir = /home/pubsrc/mysql/data
log-error = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
relay-log = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host     =   192.168.1.2
#master-user     =   username
#master-password =   password
#master-port     = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/pubsrc/mysql/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘bin/mysqld_safe‘ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}‘)
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘libexec/mysqld‘ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}‘)
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
   ⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
       chmod +x /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql
   ⑥、启动MySQL：
       /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql start
   ⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
       /home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql -u admin -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678‘;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678‘;
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/

./configure --prefix=/home/pubsrc/php --with-config-file-path=/home/pubsrc/php/etc --with-mysql=/home/pubsrc/mysql --with-mysqli=//home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=‘-liconv‘
make install
cp php.ini-dist /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/home/pubsrc/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　   extension = "memcache.so"
　　   extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
　　   extension = "imagick.so"

　　   再查找output_buffering = Off
　　   修改为output_buffering = On

　　   再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
　　   修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

　　   自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i ‘s#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#‘ /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i ‘s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#‘ /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/eaccelerator_cache
vi /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/home/pubsrc/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.test.com和www.test.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
　8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　　在/home/pubsrc/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>

All relative paths in this config are relative to php‘s install prefix

<section name="global_options">

    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/home/pubsrc/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/home/pubsrc/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>

    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator‘s shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

    Time limit on waiting child‘s reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

    Set to ‘no‘ to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

</section>

<workers>

    <section name="pool">

      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>

      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is ‘ip.ad.re.ss:port‘ or just ‘port‘ or ‘/path/to/unix/socket‘
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

      <value name="listen_options">

        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>

        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>

      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">1</value>
      </value>

      Unix user of processes
        <value name="user">www</value>

      Unix group of processes
        <value name="group">www</value>

      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">

        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are ‘static‘ and ‘apache-like‘
        <value name="style">static</value>

        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>

        Settings group for ‘apache-like‘ pm style
        <value name="apache_like">

          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when ‘apache-like‘ pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>

          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when ‘apache-like‘ pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when ‘apache-like‘ pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

        </value>

      </value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when ‘max_execution_time‘ ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      ‘0s‘ means ‘off‘
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      ‘0s‘ means ‘off‘
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>

      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>

      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>

      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>

      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>

      Redirect workers‘ stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">102400</value>

      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>

    </section>

</workers>

</configuration>

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.46
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
   2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/home/pubsrc/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
   3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
   4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid        /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
include       mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
    listen       4590;
    server_name www.inner.bbs.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /home/wwwroot/bbs;

    #limit_conn   crawler 20;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)?$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }

    log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
              ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
              ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;
    access_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/access.log access;
      }

server
{
    listen       4591;
    server_name www.inner.uc.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/uc;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format wwwlogs ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
               ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
               ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;
    access_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
}
②、在/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　1、修改/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　   the configuration file /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　   the configuration file /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启：
　　   ①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘
　   屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　   6302
　　   这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
　   输入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab –e
输入以下内容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

开启php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
3,创建nginx启东脚本
vi nginxctl
输入一下内容
#!/bin/bash

BIN=/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
PID=/home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid
case $1 in
        start)
                $BIN -c /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf;
                exit $?;
                ;;
        stop)
                kill $(cat $PID);
                exit $?;
                ;;
        reload)
                kill -HUP $(cat $PID);
                exit $?;
                ;;
        rotate)
                kill -USR1 $(cat $PID);
                exit $?;
                ;;
        port)
                echo "Your port is $(( 4000 + $(id -u) ))";
                ;;
        *)
                echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|roate|port}";
                exit 1;
esac
最后赋予可执行权限
chmod 777 nginxctl

CentOS系统上CentOS Memcached安装。
1.CentOS Memcached安装前需要先安装Libevent:
# curl -O http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz
# tar zxf libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz
# cd libevent-1.4.9-stable
# ./configure
# make
# make install
2.继续CentOS Memcached安装:
# curl -O http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.7.tar.gz
# tar zxf memcached-1.2.7.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.2.7
# ./configure
# make
# make install
3.CentOS Memcached安装接着在当前用户的.bash_profile中添加
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
4.CentOS Memcached运行
# memcached -m 512 -u nobody -vv
测试时候发现会出现以下错误信息：
“/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory”
错误的原因是未在系统中注册Libevent. 解决方法如下:
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent-i386.conf
在VI中输入以下一行内容：
/usr/local/lib/
最后不要忘了
# ldconfig
5.CentOS Memcached运行
# memcached -m 512 -u nobody -vv
<6 server listening
<7 server listening
<8 send buffer was 109568, now 268435456
<8 server listening (udp)
<9 send buffer was 109568, now 268435456
<9 server listening (udp)
CentOS Memcached运行正常。
以上介绍CentOS Memcached安装及运行检测。

1、启动Memcache 常用参数
-p <num>      设置端口号(默认不设置为: 11211)
-U <num>      UDP监听端口(默认: 11211, 0 时关闭)
-l <ip_addr> 绑定地址(默认:所有都允许,无论内外网或者本机更换IP，有安全隐患，若设置为127.0.0.1就只能本机访问)
-d            独立进程运行
-u <username> 绑定使用指定用于运行进程<username>
-m <num>      允许最大内存用量，单位M (默认: 64 MB)
-P <file>     将PID写入文件<file>，这样可以使得后边进行快速进程终止, 需要与-d 一起使用