4.熟悉Java基本类库系列——Java 正则表达式类库
正则表达式语法结构图:
Java正则表达式类库结构图:
Java典型例子
1、String类 matches()方法
判断字符串是否符合特定正则表达式
@Test public void testRegex(){ String regex = ".*\\d{3}.*"; String str1 = "11tec34"; String str2 = "285dffd"; String str3 = "bac7736db"; //输出:false, true, true System.out.println(str1.matches(regex) + "," + str2.matches(regex) + "," + str3.matches(regex)); }
2、String类 split()方法
用正则表达式分割字符串
@Test public void testRegex2(){ String input = "hello3world8my9name1is5jacket"; String regex = "\\d"; //以数字作为分隔符 String strs[] = input.split(regex); //输出:hello world my name is jacket for(String str : strs){ System.out.print(str + " "); } System.out.println(); input = "hellodogworlddogmydognamedogisdogjacket"; regex = "dog"; //以"dog"字符作为分隔符 strs = input.split(regex); //输出:hello world my name is jacket for(String str : strs){ System.out.print(str + " "); } }
3、String类 replace()方法
用正则表达式替换字符
@Test public void testRegex3(){ String input = "hello3world8my9name1is5jacket"; String regex = "\\d"; //以数字作为分隔符 String firstStr = input.replaceFirst(regex, ":"); //只替换第一个匹配的字符 String allStr = input.replaceAll(regex, ":"); //替换所有匹配的字符 //输出: //hello:world8my9name1is5jacket //hello:world:my:name:is:jacket System.out.println(firstStr); System.out.println(allStr); }
4、Pattern.matches() 静态方法
判断字符串是否符合正则表达式,等同于String类的matches()方法
@Test public void testRegex4(){ String regex1 = "\\bdog\\b"; String regex2 = ".*\\bdog\\b.*"; String input = "dog dog dog doggie dogg"; //输出:false,true System.out.println(Pattern.matches(regex1, input) + "," + Pattern.matches(regex2, input)); }
5、Pattern类 split()方法
根据正则表达式分割字符串,等同于String类的split()方法
//6.split() 分割字符串 -> 等同于String的split()方法 @Test public void testRegex6(){ String regex = "\\d"; String input = "hello3world5hello8java"; Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); String strs[] = p.split(input); //输出:hello world hello java for(String str : strs){ System.out.print(str + " "); } }
6、Pattern.quote() 静态方法
获取匹配此字符串的正则表达式
@Test public void testRegex6(){ //例子1 String input = "."; String regex = Pattern.quote(input); boolean flag = Pattern.matches(regex, input); //输出:\Q353434\E true System.out.println(regex); System.out.println(flag); //例子2 input = "test.test"; String errorOutput = input.replaceAll(".", "/"); //输出:///////// System.out.println(errorOutput); //例子3 String correctOutput = input.replaceAll(Pattern.quote("."), "/"); //输出:test/test System.out.println(correctOutput); }
7、Matcher类 find()方法,start()方法,end()方法
@Test public void testRegex7(){ //m.start() m.end() String regex = "\\bdog\\b"; String input = "dog dog dog doggie dogg"; Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher m = p.matcher(input); // 获得匹配器对象 int count = 0; while (m.find()) { count++; //Match number 1,start(): 0,end(): 3 //Match number 2,start(): 4,end(): 7 //Match number 3,start(): 8,end(): 11 System.out.print("Match number " + count); System.out.print(",start(): " + m.start()); System.out.println(",end(): " + m.end()); } }
8、Matcher类 find(int index)方法,start(int index),end(int index)
@Test public void testRegex8(){ //m.start() m.end() String regex = "\\bdog\\b"; String input = "dog dog dog doggie dogg"; Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher m = p.matcher(input); // 获得匹配器对象 //m.find(int start) //输出:start(): 0,end(): 3 //start(): 4,end(): 7 m.find(0); //从要匹配的字符串的第几个字符开始寻找 System.out.print("start(): " + m.start()); System.out.println("end(): " + m.end()); m.find(); System.out.print("start(): " + m.start()); System.out.println("end(): " + m.end()); //m.find(int start) //输出:start(): 4,end(): 7 //start(): 8,end(): 11 m.find(4); System.out.print("start(): " + m.start()); System.out.println("end(): " + m.end()); m.find(); System.out.print("start(): " + m.start()); System.out.println("end(): " + m.end()); //m.start(int group) m.end(int group) m.find(0); // int firstStartGroupIndex = m.start(0); System.out.println(firstStartGroupIndex); }
9、Matcher类 lookingAt()方法,matches()方法
判断字符串是否匹配特定的正则表达式,lookingAt()方法不要求全部匹配,而matches()方法要求全部匹配
@Test public void testRegex9(){ String regex = "foo"; String str = "fooooooooooooooooo"; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(str); System.out.println("Current regex is: " + regex); System.out.println("Current str is: " + str); System.out.println("lookingAt(): " + matcher.lookingAt()); //true System.out.println("matches(): " + matcher.matches()); //false,因为matches要求全部匹配 }
此外还有其他的Matcher类的方法未整理,
//还有Matcher类的其他方法未整理:
//1.group(int group)方法
//2.appendReplacement() / appendTail() / replaceAll() / replaceFirst() / quoteReplacement()
//99.Matcher类的find()方法,start()方法,end()方法
更多详细的正则表达式博文可以参考:
微软官方文档:https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ae5bf541(v=vs.80).aspx
一个很好的正则表达式教程:http://www.java3z.com/cwbwebhome/article/article8/Regex/Java.Regex.Tutorial.html#reg7
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