求一个数组中最小的K个数
方法1:先对数组进行排序,然后遍历前K个数,此时时间复杂度为O(nlgn);
方法2:维护一个容量为K的最大堆(《算法导论》第6章),然后从第K+1个元素开始遍历,和堆中的最大元素比较,如果大于最大元素则忽略,如果小于最大元素则将次元素送入堆中,并将堆的最大元素删除,调整堆的结构;
方法3:使用复杂度为O(n)的快速选择算法.....................
/** * Created by elvalad on 2014/12/8. * 输入N个整数,输出最小的K个 */ import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Scanner; public class MinKArray { /* 用二叉树表示一个堆 */ private class Heap { private Node root; private class Node { int key; Node left; Node right; Node(int key) { this.key = key; } } /* 建立最大堆,将元素插入到堆的合适位置 */ public void put(int key) { root = put(root, key); } private Node put(Node x, int key) { if (x == null) return new Node(key); int cmp = key - x.key; if (cmp > 0) { int tmp = x.key; x.key = key; key = tmp; x.right = put(x.right, key); } else if (cmp < 0) { x.left = put(x.left, key); } return x; } public void deleteMax() { root = deleteMax(root); } private Node deleteMax(Node x) { if (x == null) return null; if ((x.left == null) && (x.right != null)) { int tmp = x.key; x.right.key = x.key; x.key = tmp; x.right = deleteMax(x.right); } else if ((x.right == null) && (x.left != null)) { int tmp = x.key; x.left.key = x.key; x.key = tmp; x.left = deleteMax(x.left); } else if ((x.left == null) && (x.right == null)) { x = null; } else { int cmp = x.left.key - x.right.key; if (cmp >= 0) { int tmp = x.key; x.key = x.left.key; x.left.key = tmp; x.left = deleteMax(x.left); } else { int tmp = x.key; x.key = x.right.key; x.right.key = tmp; x.right = deleteMax(x.right); } } return x; } public void printHeap(Node x) { if (x == null) return; System.out.println(x.key); printHeap(x.left); printHeap(x.right); } } /* 使用一般的排序算法,然后顺序输出前K个元素 */ public int[] minKArray1(int[] a, int k) { Arrays.sort(a); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { System.out.println(a[i]); } return Arrays.copyOfRange(a, 0, k); } /* O(n)算法实现快速选择算法 */ public int[] minKArray2(int[] a, int k) { return a; } /* 维护一个容量为K的最大堆,《算法导论》第6章堆排序 */ public int[] minKArray3(int[] a, int k) { Heap h = new Heap(); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { h.put(a[i]); } for (int i = k; i < a.length; i++) { if (a[i] >= h.root.key) { continue; } else { h.put(a[i]); h.deleteMax(); } } h.printHeap(h.root); return a; } public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<Integer>(); while (scan.hasNext()) { array.add(scan.nextInt()); } int[] a = new int[array.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { a[i] = array.get(i); } MinKArray mka = new MinKArray(); mka.minKArray1(a, 8); System.out.println("---------------"); mka.minKArray3(a, 8); } }
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